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- OPENING PRINCIPLES
- This article describes a number of abstract opening principles which have
- ben tried and tested over many games. These principles are mentioned in many
- different chess books in one form or another.
-
- Although these principles generally apply to the opening, they can also
- apply to other phases of the game.
-
- As with all principles, there will exceptions to when they should be
- followed. In some cases principles may even conflict, in these cases you will
- have to choose one which has a higher priority.
-
- Both players begin with a weak position. The only pieces that can move are
- the knights which only have a quarter of their maximum mobility. Only the
- pawns, which are the weakest units, have their full mobility. For this
- reason, the pawns do not need to be developed, only the pieces.
-
- Develop the pieces as rapidly The player who develops faster will tend
- as possible to gain the iniative.
-
- Do not move a piece twice Losing time means that player will fall
- in the opening behind in the race to complete
- development first. There are so many
- exceptions to this though, that perhaps
- `without a good reason' could be added.
-
- Do not make unnecessary pawn Pawn moves which do not assist development
- moves lose time.
-
- Do not attack when An attack with only a few pieces is likely
- undeveloped to fail against correct defence, although
- sometimes when an opponent has erred an
- early attack is justified.
-
- Do not waste time trying A pawn can be worth several tempi (in theory
- to win a pawn in the opening about 3) and while you are winning material
- your opponent may gain the iniative. There
- are many instances though, when material can
- safely be grabbed in the opening and this
- can sometimes even gain YOU the iniative.
-
- Do not open the position up An open position favours the side with more
- when you are behind in pieces in play. The corollary is of course,
- development. if you ahead in development open the
- position up (especially lines against the
- king). If you are behind in development
- keep the position closed.
-
- Control the centre Some pieces increase their mobility when
- they approach the centre. Occupying the
- centre with pawns can give you an advantage
- in space. The theoretical advantage of the
- centre has different schools of thought.
-
- Castle early The king can be endangered if the centre is
- opened up, or if the king is caught there.
- Also, castling develops a rook.
-
- Develop knights before The knight's best square is usually bishop
- bishops 3(c3,f3,c6,f6). The bishop's best square
- depends a lot on the position. To help
- preserve options, develop the knights.
-